In surgery , it is common teaching that if there is pus anywhere in the body,it needs to be let out. An abscess is a pus containing cavity and treatment for that would be an incision and drainage

The appendix is an out-pouching of the bowel about the size of your little finger. It lies low down in the right side of your tummy and is of no practical use to humans.

Sometimes the appendix gets swollen and causes pain. If left it can end up bursting inside the tummy causing serious infection and illness which, if left untreated, can be life threatening.

Sometimes the appendix scars up from past infections and causes pains that can come and go for a long time (grumbling appendix).

A diseased appendix needs to be taken out. Sometimes in patients with these signs, the appendix is normal when it is taken out. In cases of doubt, it is safer to remove the appendix than to risk the problem of leaving a diseased appendix inside.

Adhesions are bands of scar tissue that form between organs. In the abdomen, they form after an abdominal surgery or after a bout of intraabdominal infection (ie, pelvic inflammatory disease, diverticulitis). Over 95% of patients who undergo abdominal surgery develop adhesions and are almost inevitably part of the body’s healing process.Although most adhesions are asymptomatic, some can cause bowel obstructions, infertility, and chronic pain. In a study that reviewed over 18,912 patients who underwent previous open abdominal surgery, 14.3% presented with a bowel obstruction in 2 yrs, with 2.6% of these patients requiring adhesiolysis to relieve the bowel obstruction. Postoperative adhesions account for 74% of cases of small bowel obstruction.

Laparotomy with open adhesiolysis has been the treatment of choice for acute complete bowel obstructions. Patients who have partial obstructions, with some enteric contents traversing the obstruction, may also require surgery if nonoperative measures fail. However, operation often leads to formation of new intra-abdominal adhesions in 10-30% of patients, which may require another laparotomy for recurrent bowel obstruction in the future.

Laparoscopic adhesiolysis was first described by a gynecologist for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain and infertility. In the early days of laparoscopy, previous abdominal surgery was a relative contraindication to performing most laparoscopic procedures. Laparoscopic surgery to relieve bowel obstructions was not routinely performed. However, in 1991, Bastug et al reported the successful use of laparoscopic adhesiolysis for small bowel obstruction in one patient with a single adhesive band. Since then, many case series have documented this technique. Advanced technology with high-definition imaging, smaller cameras, and better instrumentation have allowed for an increasing number of adhesiolysis to be performed laparoscopically with good outcomes.

A laparoscope is a telescope designed for medical use. It is connected to a high intensity light and a high-resolution television camera so that the surgeon can see what is happening inside of you. The laparoscope is put into the abdominal cavity through a hollow tube and the image of the inside of your abdomen is seen on the television screen. In most cases, this procedure (operation) will be able to diagnose or help discover what the abdominal problem is.

• Abdominal pain.
• Abdominal mass.
• Ascites.
• Liver disease.

Laparoscopic lymph node biopsy in intra-abdominal lymphoma: high diagnostic accuracy achieved with a minimally invasive procedure.Ultrasound or computed tomography-guided percutaneous lymph nodes biopsy often do not supply sufficient tissue for the histopathologic diagnosis of a lymphoma.